Lobbyist Insight

Iowa · GA91

HSB 141

346 registered positions on this bill · 346 state a side.

Lobbyist or firmFor clientPositionSession
Nicole Woodroffe3M CompanyUndecidedGA83
Robert Weiser3M CompanyUndecidedGA83
Paige YontzAARP IowaSupportingGA91
Alex DrzycimskiAFSCME Iowa Council 61OpposingGA87
Mazie StilwellAFSCME Iowa Council 61UndecidedGA88
Morgan MillerAFSCME Iowa Council 61OpposingGA87
Morgan MillerAFSCME Iowa Council 61UndecidedGA88
Brad EpperlyAIG-American International CompaniesUndecidedGA84
Keith LuchtelAIG-American International CompaniesUndecidedGA84
Paula DierenfeldAIG-American International CompaniesUndecidedGA84
Scott SundstromAIG-American International CompaniesUndecidedGA84
Terry HarrmannAlliant Energy CorporationUndecidedGA83
Becca EastwoodAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)SupportingGA91
Daniel ZenoAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)OpposingGA87
Daniel ZenoAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)UndecidedGA88
Mark StringerAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)UndecidedGA88
Mark StringerAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)SupportingGA91
Pete McRobertsAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)OpposingGA87
Pete McRobertsAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)UndecidedGA88
Pete McRobertsAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)SupportingGA91
Rita Bettis AustenAmerican Civil Liberties Union of Iowa (ACLU-IA)OpposingGA87
Kyle FretteAmerican Diabetes Assn.SupportingGA83
Brad EpperlyAmerican Insurance AssociationUndecidedGA86
Paula DierenfeldAmerican Insurance AssociationUndecidedGA86
Scott SundstromAmerican Insurance AssociationUndecidedGA86
Drew KleinAmericans For ProsperitySupportingGA87
Brad EpperlyAmericas Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)OpposingGA83
James WestAmericas Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)OpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelAmericas Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)OpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldAmericas Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)OpposingGA83
Scott SundstromAmericas Health Insurance Plans (AHIP)OpposingGA83
Drew KampAmes Chamber of CommerceUndecidedGA87
Nicole WoodroffeAnnett HoldingsUndecidedGA83
Robert WeiserAnnett HoldingsUndecidedGA83
John McCormallyAuditor of StateOpposingGA89
Andrew BaumertBoard of Regents, State of IAUndecidedGA83
Ann McCarthyBoard of Regents, State of IAUndecidedGA84
David MilesBoard of Regents, State of IAUndecidedGA83
Joe MurphyBoard of Regents, State of IAUndecidedGA83
Keith SaundersBoard of Regents, State of IAUndecidedGA83
Robert DonleyBoard of Regents, State of IAUndecidedGA83
Bruce RastetterBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA87
Carolann JensenBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA89
Jennifer HarbisonBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA89
Katie MulhollandBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA87
Keith SaundersBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA87
Kristin BauerBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA88
Kristin FailorBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA87
Mark BraunBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA88
Mary BraunBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA87
Robert DonleyBoard of Regents, State of IowaUndecidedGA87
Nicole WoodroffeCRST InternationalUndecidedGA83
Robert WeiserCRST InternationalUndecidedGA83
Gary GrantCedar Rapids Metro Economic AllianceUndecidedGA91
Gary GrantCity of Cedar RapidsUndecidedGA87
Larry MurphyCity of Cedar RapidsUndecidedGA87
Meghan MalloyCity of Cedar RapidsUndecidedGA87
Brice OakleyCity of CoralvilleUndecidedGA87
Don AvensonCity of CoralvilleUndecidedGA87
Tom CopeCity of CoralvilleUndecidedGA87
Brice OakleyCity of West Des MoinesUndecidedGA87
Don AvensonCity of West Des MoinesUndecidedGA87
Tom CopeCity of West Des MoinesUndecidedGA87
Matt McKinneyConlin PropertiesUndecidedGA91
RG SchwarmConlin PropertiesUndecidedGA91
Brad EpperlyDeere & CompanyUndecidedGA84
Jason FrancqueDeere & CompanyUndecidedGA84
Keith LuchtelDeere & CompanyUndecidedGA84
Paula DierenfeldDeere & CompanyUndecidedGA84
Scott SundstromDeere & CompanyUndecidedGA84
Mark JohnsonDepartment of Administrative Services (DAS)UndecidedGA83
Clara WulfsenDepartment of RevenueUndecidedGA90
Kyle FretteEaster Seals IASupportingGA83
Jake KetznerEastlake PartnershipUndecidedGA91
Nick BoeyinkEastlake PartnershipUndecidedGA91
Doug StruykElevance Health, and its Affiliates dba Anthem, Inc.UndecidedGA89
Jennifer DormanElevance Health, and its Affiliates dba Anthem, Inc.UndecidedGA89
Jim CarneyElevance Health, and its Affiliates dba Anthem, Inc.UndecidedGA89
Kyle CarlsonElevance Health, and its Affiliates dba Anthem, Inc.UndecidedGA89
Marty RyanFawkes-Lee & Ryan Inc.UndecidedGA87
Stephanie Fawkes-LeeFawkes-Lee & Ryan Inc.UndecidedGA87
Brad EpperlyFederation of IA InsurersOpposingGA83
Brad EpperlyFederation of IA InsurersUndecidedGA84
James WestFederation of IA InsurersOpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldFederation of IA InsurersOpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldFederation of IA InsurersUndecidedGA84
Scott SundstromFederation of IA InsurersOpposingGA83
Scott SundstromFederation of IA InsurersUndecidedGA84
Brad EpperlyFederation of Iowa InsurersUndecidedGA86
Paula DierenfeldFederation of Iowa InsurersUndecidedGA86
Scott SundstromFederation of Iowa InsurersUndecidedGA86
Brad EpperlyGreater Des Moines PartnershipUndecidedGA84
Jay ByersGreater Des Moines PartnershipUndecidedGA84
Keith LuchtelGreater Des Moines PartnershipUndecidedGA84
Paula DierenfeldGreater Des Moines PartnershipUndecidedGA84
Scott SundstromGreater Des Moines PartnershipUndecidedGA84
Jacob SchraderGreater Iowa Apartment AssociationUndecidedGA91
Logan MurrayGreater Iowa Apartment AssociationUndecidedGA91
Amy CampbellIA. Assn. of Area Agencies on AgingUndecidedGA83
Craig PattersonIA. Assn. of Area Agencies on AgingUndecidedGA83
Mark HansonIA. Assn. of Area Agencies on AgingUndecidedGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Assn. of Electric CooperativesUndecidedGA83
James WestIA. Assn. of Electric CooperativesUndecidedGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Assn. of Electric CooperativesUndecidedGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Assn. of Electric CooperativesUndecidedGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Assn. of Electric CooperativesUndecidedGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Automobile Dealers Assn.OpposingGA83
James WestIA. Automobile Dealers Assn.OpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Automobile Dealers Assn.OpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Automobile Dealers Assn.OpposingGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Automobile Dealers Assn.OpposingGA83
Robert HartwigIA. Bankers Assn.UndecidedGA83
Sharon PresnallIA. Bankers Assn.UndecidedGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Broadcasters Assn.OpposingGA83
James WestIA. Broadcasters Assn.OpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Broadcasters Assn.OpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Broadcasters Assn.OpposingGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Broadcasters Assn.OpposingGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Chamber AllianceOpposingGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA84
James WestIA. Chamber AllianceOpposingGA83
John StinemanIA. Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA84
Keith LuchtelIA. Chamber AllianceOpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA84
Paula DierenfeldIA. Chamber AllianceOpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA84
Scott SundstromIA. Chamber AllianceOpposingGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA84
Mike HellerIA. Dental Assn.UndecidedGA83
Paula FeltnerIA. Dental Assn.UndecidedGA83
Lynh PattersonIA. Dept. of Public HealthUndecidedGA83
Rik ShannonIA. Developmental Disabilities CouncilUndecidedGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Grocery Industry Assn.OpposingGA83
James WestIA. Grocery Industry Assn.OpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Grocery Industry Assn.OpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Grocery Industry Assn.OpposingGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Grocery Industry Assn.OpposingGA83
Greg BoattenhamerIA. Hospital Assn.UndecidedGA83
J. NorrisIA. Hospital Assn.UndecidedGA83
Shannon StricklerIA. Hospital Assn.UndecidedGA83
David AdelmanIA. Medical SocietyUndecidedGA83
Eric NemmersIA. Medical SocietyUndecidedGA83
Karla Fultz McHenryIA. Medical SocietyUndecidedGA83
Laverne SchroederIA. Nebraska Farm Equipment Dealers Assn.OpposingGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Newspaper Assn.OpposingGA83
James WestIA. Newspaper Assn.OpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Newspaper Assn.OpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Newspaper Assn.OpposingGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Newspaper Assn.OpposingGA83
Nicole SchultzIA. Pharmacy Assn.UndecidedGA83
Thomas TempleIA. Pharmacy Assn.UndecidedGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Propane Gas Assn.OpposingGA83
James WestIA. Propane Gas Assn.OpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Propane Gas Assn.OpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Propane Gas Assn.OpposingGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Propane Gas Assn.OpposingGA83
John CacciatoreIA. Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Pedorthics Assn.SupportingGA83
Julie VandeHoefIA. Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Pedorthics Assn.SupportingGA83
Justin HupferIA. Prosthetics, Orthotics, and Pedorthics Assn.SupportingGA83
Jim HenterIA. Retail FederationOpposingGA83
Brad EpperlyIA. Society of Certified Public AccountantsOpposingGA83
James WestIA. Society of Certified Public AccountantsOpposingGA83
Keith LuchtelIA. Society of Certified Public AccountantsOpposingGA83
Paula DierenfeldIA. Society of Certified Public AccountantsOpposingGA83
Scott SundstromIA. Society of Certified Public AccountantsOpposingGA83
Bob SkowIndependent Insurance Agents of IAOpposingGA83
Larry BlixtIndependent Insurance Agents of IAOpposingGA83
Mike HellerIowa Academy of Trial LawyersUndecidedGA85
Paula FeltnerIowa Academy of Trial LawyersUndecidedGA85
Brad LintIowa Association for JusticeUndecidedGA88
Kellie PaschkeIowa Association for JusticeUndecidedGA90
Lisa Davis-CookIowa Association for JusticeUndecidedGA88
Troy SkinnerIowa Association for JusticeUndecidedGA90
Amy CampbellIowa Association of Area Agencies on AgingSupportingGA91
Chloe GayerIowa Association of Area Agencies on AgingSupportingGA91
Craig PattersonIowa Association of Area Agencies on AgingSupportingGA91
Brice OakleyIowa Association of Community College Trustees (IACCT)UndecidedGA87
David PalmerIowa Association of Community College Trustees (IACCT)UndecidedGA87
Don AvensonIowa Association of Community College Trustees (IACCT)UndecidedGA87
Laurie WolfIowa Association of Community College Trustees (IACCT)UndecidedGA87
Tom CopeIowa Association of Community College Trustees (IACCT)UndecidedGA87
Mike HellerIowa Association of Magistrate JudgesUndecidedGA87
Paula FeltnerIowa Association of Magistrate JudgesUndecidedGA87
Julie SmithIowa Association of Municipal UtilitiesOpposingGA87
Timothy WhippleIowa Association of Municipal UtilitiesOpposingGA87
Eric TaborIowa Attorney General Dept. of JusticeUndecidedGA88
Robert HartwigIowa Bankers AssociationUndecidedGA86
Sharon PresnallIowa Bankers AssociationUndecidedGA86
Brad EpperlyIowa Broadcasters AssociationUndecidedGA88
Dustin MillerIowa Broadcasters AssociationUndecidedGA88
Katie GrahamIowa Broadcasters AssociationUndecidedGA88
Paula DierenfeldIowa Broadcasters AssociationUndecidedGA88
Larry MurphyIowa Catholic ConferenceSupportingGA91
Tom ChapmanIowa Catholic ConferenceSupportingGA91
Brad EpperlyIowa Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA87
Dustin MillerIowa Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA87
John StinemanIowa Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA87
Paige ThorsonIowa Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA87
Paula DierenfeldIowa Chamber AllianceUndecidedGA87
Laura HessburgIowa Coalition Against Domestic ViolenceUndecidedGA88
Laura HessburgIowa Coalition Against Domestic ViolenceSupportingGA91
Amy CampbellIowa Coalition Against Sexual AssaultUndecidedGA88
Amy CampbellIowa Coalition Against Sexual AssaultSupportingGA91
Chloe GayerIowa Coalition Against Sexual AssaultSupportingGA91
Craig PattersonIowa Coalition Against Sexual AssaultUndecidedGA88
Craig PattersonIowa Coalition Against Sexual AssaultSupportingGA91
Kate WaltonIowa Community Action AssociationSupportingGA91
Madeleine BradleyIowa Community Action AssociationSupportingGA91
Matt EideIowa Community Action AssociationSupportingGA91
Kelly MeyersIowa County Attorneys AssociationOpposingGA88
Kelly MeyersIowa County Attorneys AssociationUndecidedGA90
Susan Cameron DaemenIowa County Attorneys AssociationOpposingGA88
Tom FergusonIowa County Attorneys AssociationUndecidedGA90
Sydney GangestadIowa Court Reporters AssociationSupportingGA90
Tim CoonanIowa Court Reporters AssociationSupportingGA90
Carrie MaloneIowa Department of Health and Human ServicesUndecidedGA90
Dax OberreuterIowa Department of Health and Human ServicesUndecidedGA90
Jancy NielsonIowa Department of Health and Human ServicesUndecidedGA90
Deborah ThompsonIowa Dept. of Public HealthUndecidedGA87
Maddie WilcoxIowa Dept. of Public HealthUndecidedGA89
Chandlor CollinsIowa Dept. of Public SafetyUndecidedGA88
Cohl BultjeIowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure BoardUndecidedGA87
Megan TookerIowa Ethics and Campaign Disclosure BoardUndecidedGA87
Charlie WishmanIowa Federation of Labor, AFL-CIOOpposingGA87
Charlie WishmanIowa Federation of Labor, AFL-CIOUndecidedGA87
Kate WaltonIowa Homeless CoalitionSupportingGA91
Madeleine BradleyIowa Homeless CoalitionSupportingGA91
Matt EideIowa Homeless CoalitionSupportingGA91
Erin CubitIowa Hospital AssociationUndecidedGA89
J. NorrisIowa Hospital AssociationUndecidedGA89
Kim MurphyIowa Hospital AssociationUndecidedGA89
Maureen KeehnleIowa Hospital AssociationUndecidedGA89
Nicole ProeschIowa Hospital AssociationUndecidedGA89
Bob RaffertyIowa Housing PartnershipUndecidedGA91
Nick LaningIowa Housing PartnershipUndecidedGA91
Katherine CarlucciIowa Insurance InstituteSupportingGA86
Thomas StanberryIowa Insurance InstituteSupportingGA86
Amber Shanahan-FrickeIowa Judicial Branch - Supreme CourtSupportingGA90
Caitlin JarzenIowa Judicial Branch - Supreme CourtSupportingGA90
Molly KottmeyerIowa Judicial Branch - Supreme CourtSupportingGA90
Robert GastIowa Judicial Branch - Supreme CourtSupportingGA90
Alan KempIowa League of CitiesUndecidedGA87
Daniel StalderIowa League of CitiesUndecidedGA88
Lindsey McCuneIowa League of CitiesUndecidedGA87
Robert PalmerIowa League of CitiesUndecidedGA87
Andy ConlinIowa Manufactured Housing AssociationOpposingGA91
Dennis TibbenIowa Manufactured Housing AssociationOpposingGA91
Leslie CarpenterIowa Mental Health AdvocacySupportingGA91
Brad EpperlyIowa Newspaper AssociationSupportingGA88
Brad EpperlyIowa Newspaper AssociationUndecidedGA89
Dustin MillerIowa Newspaper AssociationSupportingGA88
Dustin MillerIowa Newspaper AssociationUndecidedGA89
Katie GrahamIowa Newspaper AssociationSupportingGA88
Paula DierenfeldIowa Newspaper AssociationSupportingGA88
Karl SchillingIowa Organization for Victim AssistanceSupportingGA91
Kellie PaschkeIowa Peace Officers AssociationOpposingGA88
Troy SkinnerIowa Peace Officers AssociationOpposingGA88
Gary GrantIowa Police Chief Association (FKA Iowa Police Executive Forum)UndecidedGA88
Larry MurphyIowa Police Chief Association (FKA Iowa Police Executive Forum)UndecidedGA88
John CacciatoreIowa Professional Fire FightersOpposingGA87
Margaret JohnsonIowa Public Information BoardSupportingGA88
Jim ObradovichIowa School Nurses OrganizationUndecidedGA89
Robert MulqueenIowa School Nurses OrganizationUndecidedGA89
Brad EpperlyIowa Society of Certified Public AccountantsUndecidedGA89
Dustin MillerIowa Society of Certified Public AccountantsUndecidedGA89
Mike HellerIowa State Association of AssessorsUndecidedGA87
Paula FeltnerIowa State Association of AssessorsUndecidedGA87
Jamie CashmanIowa State Association of CountiesUndecidedGA87
Kristi HarshbargerIowa State Association of CountiesUndecidedGA87
Lucas BeenkenIowa State Association of CountiesUndecidedGA87
William PetersonIowa State Association of CountiesUndecidedGA87
Clara WulfsenIowa State Bar AssociationUndecidedGA91
Doug StruykIowa State Bar AssociationUndecidedGA88
George ApplebyIowa State Bar AssociationSupportingGA85
Jennifer DormanIowa State Bar AssociationUndecidedGA88
Jennifer TylerIowa State Bar AssociationSupportingGA85
Jim CarneyIowa State Bar AssociationSupportingGA85
Jim CarneyIowa State Bar AssociationUndecidedGA88
tom feyIowa State Building and Construction Trades CouncilOpposingGA87
tom feyIowa State Building and Construction Trades CouncilWithdrawnGA87
tom feyIowa State Building and Construction Trades CouncilSupportingGA87
Brad HudsonIowa State Education AssociationOpposingGA87
Melissa PetersonIowa State Education AssociationOpposingGA87
Mike HellerIowa State Police AssociationUndecidedGA88
Paula FeltnerIowa State Police AssociationUndecidedGA88
Kelly MeyersIowa State Sheriffs' & Deputies' AssociationOpposingGA88
Susan Cameron DaemenIowa State Sheriffs' & Deputies' AssociationOpposingGA88
Robert HartwigIowa Trust AssociationSupportingGA85
Sharon PresnallIowa Trust AssociationSupportingGA85
Chris HagenowIowans for Tax ReliefOpposingGA90
Jake HighfillIowans for Tax ReliefOpposingGA90
Tony PhillipsIowans for Tax ReliefOpposingGA90
Victoria SinclairIowans for Tax ReliefOpposingGA90
Jacob SchraderLandlords of IowaUndecidedGA91
Logan MurrayLandlords of IowaUndecidedGA91
Gary GrantLinn County Board of SupervisorsUndecidedGA87
Larry MurphyLinn County Board of SupervisorsUndecidedGA87
Meghan MalloyLinn County Board of SupervisorsUndecidedGA87
Angela JohnsonMercy Health NetworkSupportingGA83
George ApplebyMeredith CorporationUndecidedGA83
Jennifer TylerMeredith CorporationUndecidedGA83
Jim CarneyMeredith CorporationUndecidedGA83
Matt EideMissouri River Energy ServicesOpposingGA87
Brad EpperlyMonsanto CompanyUndecidedGA84
Keith LuchtelMonsanto CompanyUndecidedGA84
Scott SundstromMonsanto CompanyUndecidedGA84
Brad EpperlyMotorola Solutions, Inc.UndecidedGA88
Dustin MillerMotorola Solutions, Inc.UndecidedGA88
Katie GrahamMotorola Solutions, Inc.UndecidedGA88
Paula DierenfeldMotorola Solutions, Inc.UndecidedGA88
Adam GreggMunicipal Fire & Police Retirement System of IA (MFPRSI)UndecidedGA84
Marc BeltrameMunicipal Fire & Police Retirement System of IA (MFPRSI)UndecidedGA84
Nicole WoodroffeNational Assn. of Insurance and Financial Advisors-IAUndecidedGA83
Robert WeiserNational Assn. of Insurance and Financial Advisors-IAUndecidedGA83
Julie SmithNebraska Municipal Power Pool - NMPP EnergyOpposingGA87
Tom KruegerNetwork of Iowa Christian Home Educators (NICHE)UndecidedGA87
Andy TeasOffice of OmbudsmanUndecidedGA88
Kristie HirschmanOffice of OmbudsmanUndecidedGA88
Keenan CrowOne IowaSupportingGA91
Maxwell MowitzOne IowaSupportingGA91
Keenan CrowOne Iowa ActionSupportingGA91
Maxwell MowitzOne Iowa ActionSupportingGA91
Marc BeltrameOptimae Life Services, Inc.UndecidedGA83
Frederick HaskinsPatterson Law Firm LLPSupportingGA86
Amy CampbellPolk County - Board of SupervisorsUndecidedGA83
Brian JohnsonPolk County - Board of SupervisorsUndecidedGA87
Craig PattersonPolk County - Board of SupervisorsUndecidedGA89
Georgia Van GundyPrincipal Financial GroupUndecidedGA83
Karl SchillingSoaring HeartsSupportingGA91
Craig WalterState Farm InsuranceUndecidedGA83
Christopher RantsState Police Officers CouncilOpposingGA87
John CacciatoreState Police Officers CouncilOpposingGA87
Jim RomarTeamsters Local 238OpposingGA87
Greg BakerThe Family Leader FoundationSupportingGA91
Noah MeyersThe Family Leader FoundationSupportingGA91
Katherine CarlucciThe Iowa Academy of Trust and Estate CounselSupportingGA85
Thomas StanberryThe Iowa Academy of Trust and Estate CounselSupportingGA85
Scott NewhardUnited HealthcareUndecidedGA83
David AdelmanUnityPoint HealthUndecidedGA89
Frank ChiodoUnityPoint HealthUndecidedGA89
Matt HinchUnityPoint HealthUndecidedGA89
Sara AllenUnityPoint HealthUndecidedGA89
Gary GrantUrban County CoalitionUndecidedGA87
Larry MurphyUrban County CoalitionUndecidedGA87
Meghan MalloyUrban County CoalitionUndecidedGA87
Frank StorkWellmark, Inc.OpposingGA83

Positions are as filed. A lobbyist may file more than once as a position changes.